KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur senantiasa kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah Bahasa Inggris yang berjudul ENGLISH PAPERS”TENSES, MODAL AUXILIARIES AND PASSIVE VOICE”.  Makalah ini berisi tentang berbagai pengetahuan mengenai Tenses, Modal Auxiliaries dan Passive Voice dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Makalah ini Kami buat sebagai persyaratan untuk melengkapi nilai mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris. Dalam pembuatan makalah ini, kami banyak mendapatkan bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak sehingga makalah ini dapat Kami  selesaikan.

Oleh karena itu, pada kesempatan kali ini penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membimbing dan membantu  Kami baik moril maupun materil, Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada:

1.      Kedua Orang Tua yang telah membantu Kami materil

2.      Dra. Lenna Rodiah selaku Dosen mata kuliah Bahasa Inggris

3.      Teman – teman Fakultas Teknologi Industri khususnya yang telah memberikan dukungan dalam penyusunan makalah ini.

Semoga makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kami khususnya dan bagi  para pembaca umumnya guna menambah pengetahuan kita mengenai Tenses, Modal Auxiliaries dan Passive Voice dalam Bahasa Inggris.

Jakarta,    Januari 2014

                         

                                         Penyusun

UNIT 1

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.RUMUS

1.1  Bentuk Nominal atau With To Be

Ø  Subject  I

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Am) + Complement(pelengkap)	Subject + To Be(Am+Not) + Complement(pelengkap)	To Be(Am) +  Subject + Complement(pelengkap)

Ø  Subject They, We, You

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Are) + Complement(pelengkap)	Subject + ToBe(Are+Not) + Complement (pelengkap)	To Be(Are) + Subject +  Complement(pelengkap)

Ø  Subject He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Is) + Complement(pelengkap)	Subject + To Be(Is+Not) + Complement(pelengkap)	To Be(Is) + Subject + Complement(pelengkap)

1.2  Bentuk Verbal atau With Verb

Ø  Subject They, We, I, You

+	-	?
Subject + Verb 1 + Object	Subject + Do Not + Verb 1 + Object	Do + Subject + Verb 1 + Object

Ø  Subject He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + Verb 1 + s/es + Object	Subject + Does Not + Verb 1 + Object	Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Object

2.PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang ataupun perbuatan yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan yang dilakukan dalam situasi sekarang(now). Untuk tujuan ini biasanya menggunakan kata keterangan seperti always(selalu), often(sering), usually(biasanya), dll.

3.CONTOH PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Ø  Subject I

1.(+) I am a Student   

   (-) I am not Student                                     With To Be

   (?) Am I a Student ?

2.(+) I go to School    

   (-) I do not go to School                              With Verb

   (?) Do I go to School

Ø  Subject They, We, You

3.(+) You are beautiful

    (-) You are not beautiful                

    (?) Are you beautiful ?

4.(+) You eat a Soup

   (-) You do not eat a Soup

   (?) Do You eat a Soup

Ø  Subject He, She, It

5.(+) He is a Police     

   (-)  He is not a Police          

   (?) Is He a Police ?

6.(+) He reads a Book

   (-) He does not read a Book                       

   (?) Does He read a Book ?

 

                                                                                       

UNIT 2

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.RUMUS

Ø  Subject I

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Am) + Verb 1 ing + Object	Subject + To Be(Am+Not) + Verb 1 ing + Object	To Be(Am) + Subject + Verb 1 ing + Object

Ø  Subject They, We, You

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Are) + Verb 1 ing + Object	Subject + To Be(Are+Not) + Verb 1 ing + Object	To Be(Are) + Subject + Verb 1 ing + Object

Ø  Subject He, She It

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Is) + Verb 1 ing + Object	Subject + To Be(Is+Not) + Verb 1 ing + Object	To Be(Is) + Subject + Verb 1 ing + Object

2.PENGGUNAAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat bicara. Untuk tujuan ini biasanya menggunakan kata keterangan seperti now, rigt now, at the moment, dll.

3.CONTOH PENGGUNAAN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Ø  Subject I

1.(+) I am eating a cake

   (-)  I am not eating a cake

   (?) Am I eating a cake ?

Ø  Subject They, We, You

2.(+) They are playing football

   (-)  They are not playing football

   (?)  Are they playing football ?

3.(+) You are swiming in the river

    (-) You are not swiming in the river

    (?) Are you swimng in the river ?

Ø  Subject He, She, It

4.(+) He is buying a new car

    (-) He is not buying a new car

    (?) Is he buying a new car ?

5.(+) She is writing a book

    (-) She is not writing a book

    (?) Is she writing a book ?

UNIT 3

 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1.RUMUS

1.1 Bentuk Nominal atau With To Be

Ø  Subject I, He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + To Be (Was) + Complement (pelengkap)	Subject +To Be (Was+Not) + Complement (pelengkap)	To Be (Was) + Subject + Complement(pelengkap)

Ø  Subject They, We, You

+	-	?
Subject + To Be (Were) + Complement	Subject + To Be (Were+Not) + Complement	To Be (Were) + Subject + Complement

1.2 Bentuk Verbal atau With Verb

Ø  Subject They, We, I, You, He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + Verb 2 + Object	Subject + Did Not + Verb 1 + Object	Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Object

2.PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Digunakan untuk menunjukan suatu peristiwa atau perbuatan yang terjadi atau dilakukan di masa lampau yang disebutkan waktu kejadiannya secara jelas. Biasanya menggunakan keterangan waktu seperti yesterday, last week, last month, last years,..ago.

3.CONTOH PENGGUNAAN SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Ø  Subject I, He, She, It

1.(+) I drew a Mountain yesterday

    (-) I did not draw a Mountain yesterday

    (?) Did I draw a Mountain yesterday ?

2.(+) She got prize a flower last week

   (-)  She did not get prize a flower last week

   (?) Did she get prize a flower last week ?

3.(+) He fixed my motorcycle two hours ago

   (-)  He did not fix my motorcycle two hours ago

   (?) Did he fix my motorcycle two hours ago ?

Ø  Subject They, We, You

4.(+) They made a plane last year

   (-)  They did not make a plane last year

   (?)  Did They make a plane last year ?

5.(+) You cooked a fried rice yesterday

    (-) You did not cook a fried rice yesterday

    (?) Did you cook a fried rice yesterday ?

UNIT 4

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.RUMUS

Ø  Subject I, He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Was) + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense	Subject +To Be (Was+Not) + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense	To Be(Was) + Subject + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense

Ø  Subject They, We, You

+	-	?
Subject + To Be(Were) + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense	Subject + To Be (Were+Not) + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense	To Be(Were) + Subject + Verb 1 ing + Past Tense

2.PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Diguakan untuk menyatakan dua peristiwa yang terjadi secara berurutan di masa lampau, dimana peristiwa pertama sedang berlangsung ketika peristiwa kedua terjadi. Peristiwa pertama dinyatakan dalam bentuk Past Continuous Tense sedangkan peristiwa kedua dinyatakan dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense.

3.CONTOH PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Ø  Subject I, He, She, It

1.(+) I was falling asleep when I watched TV

    (-) I was not  falling asleep when I watched TV

    (?) Was I falling asleep when I watched TV ?

2.(+) He/She was talking to the professor when I saw her

    (-) He/She was not talking to the professor when I saw her

    (?) Was he/she talking to the professor when I saw her ?

3.(+) It was begining to rain while I walked home

    (-) It was not begining to rain while I walked home

    (?) Was it begining to rain while I walked home ?

Ø  Subject They, We, You

4.(+) You were eating dinner when I arrived  

    (-) You were not eating dinner when I arrived 

    (?) Were you eating dinner when I arrived ?

5.(+) We were seeing an accident while we waited for the bus

    (-) We were not seeing an accident while we waited for the bus

    (?) Were we seeing an accident while we waited for the bus ?

UNIT 5

 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1.RUMUS

1.1 Bentuk Nominal atau With To Be

Ø  Subject They, We, I, You

+	-	?
Subject + Have + To Be(Been) + Complement	Subject + Have Not + To Be(Been) + Complement	Have + Subject + To Be    ( Been) + Complement

Ø  Subject He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + Has + To Be(Been) + Complement	Subject + Has Not + To Be(Been) + Complement	Has + Subject + To Be    ( Been) + Complement

1.2 Bentuk Verbal atau With Verb

Ø  Subject They, We, I, You

+	-	?
Subject + Have + Verb 3 + Object	Subject + Have Not + Verb 3 + Object	Have + Subject + Verb 3 + Object

Ø  Subject He, She, It

+	-	?
Subject + Has + Verb 3 + Object	Subject + Has Not+ Verb 3 + Object	Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Object

2.PENGGUNAAN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang diawali di masa lampau dan terus berlangsung hingga sekarang. Untuk tujuan ini di pakai kata keterangan for(selama) dan since(sejak).

3.CONTOH PENGGUNAAN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Ø  Subject They, We, I

1.(+) I have studied English for teen years

   (-) I have not studied English for teen years

   (?) Have I studied English for teen years?

2.(+) You have sold clothes since 2010

    (-) You have not sold clothes since 2010

    (?) Have you sold clothes since 2010 ?

3.(+) They have played football for 90 minutes

    (-) They have not played football for 90 minutes

    (?) Have they played football for 90 minutes ?

Ø  Subject He, She, It

4.(+) She/He has cried for twenty minutes

    (-) She/He has not cried for twenty minutes

    (?) Has she/he cried for twenty minutes ??

5.(+) It(The lamp) has lighted this room for  fourteen hours

    (-) It(The lamp) has not lighted this room for  fourteen hours

    (?) Has it lighted this room for  fourteen hours ?

6.(+) I have been at home already

   (-)  I have not been at home already                          With To Be

   (?) Have I been at home already ?

UNIT 6

MODAL AUXILIARIES

Modal Auxiliaries dalam Bahasa Inggris berfungsi menambahkan mskns terhadap kata kerja, menyesuaian dengan bentuk tenses dan selalu diikut dengan bentuk dasar kata kerja. Kata kerja bantu dibawah ini antara lain menyatakan :

Ø  Must, have to, has to, had to, have got to, ought to, had better yang berarti seharusnya/sebaiknya.

Example : I have to study tonight. ( Saya sebaiknya belajar malam ini)

Ø  Can, could yang menyatakan kesanggupan/kemampuan/kemahiran.

Example :She can play a Violin. ( Dia mampu/mahir memainkankan Violin)

Ø  Shall, will digunakan untuk menyatakan ‘akan’dalam bentuk Future Tense (peristiwa yang akan datang).

Example : I shall go to Bandung next week. ( Saya akan pergi ke Bandung minggu depan)

Ø  May kata kerja bantu yang berarti ‘boleh/mungkin/permohonan izin’.

Example : May I leave the class now ? (Bolehkah Saya meninggalkan kelas sekarang)

Ø  Might bentuk lampau dari may yang juga dapat digunakan untuk masa kini atau masa mendatang.

Example : I might be late to come to class tomorrow. ( Saya mungkin terlambat untuk datang ke kelas besok)

Contoh Modal dalam tabel di bawah ini :

Subyek	Modal	Verba(kata kerja)	Obyek
She	Can	Sing	Old song
They	Must	Drink	Hot tea
I	Will	Do	In this City
He	Has to	Study	Mathematic
You	Had better	Leave	The room

Can, could, may, might, should, had better, must, will and would, tidak boleh di tambahkan to, s/es,ing pada kata kerja dasar, atau merubah kata kerja dasar menjadi kata kerja kedua atau ketiga.

Example : She can not speak English very well             Betul

     She can not to speak English very well          Salah

UNIT 7

PASSIVE VOICE

Kalimat pasif ( Passive Voice) digunakan :

Ø  Untuk menyatakan apa yang terjadi pada subjek.

Example : This museum is quite old. It is built in 1840. (Musium ini dibangun pada tahun 1840)

Ø  Ketika siapa atau apa yang menyebabkan tindakan tidak diketahui atau tidak terlalu penting.

Example : This room is cleaned every day. ( Ruang ini dibersihkan setiap hari)

Ø  Ketika mau mengatakan apa atau siapa yang menyebabkan tindakan tersebut.

Example :This hospital is built by Florence Nightingale. (Rumah sakit ini di bangun oleh Florence Nightingale)

Note :

v  Pembentukan kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif yaitu dengan meletakkan Objek kalimat aktif menjadi Subjek pada kalimat pasif. Subjek kalimat aktif menjadi Objek kalimat pasif. To Be dan kata kerja bentuk ketiga/Past Participle ditambahkan sesudah Subjek pada kalimat pasif.

Bentuk perubahan dari Kalimat Aktif ( Active Voice) menjadi Kalimat Pasif ( Passive Voice :

Active Voice	Passive Voice
They help her to cross the road	She is helped by themto cross the road
She helps them to cross the road	They are helped by her to cross the road
They helped her to cross the road	She was helped by them to cross the road

VERBS : REGULAR VERBS AND IRREGULAR VERBS

(KATA KERJA BERATURAN DAN TIDAK BERATURAN)

REGULAR VERBS (KATA KERJA BERATURAN)

Infinitive/Kata Kerja Dasar/Verb 1	Past Tense/Verb 2	Past Participle/Verb 3	Meaning/Arti kata
Arrive	Arrived	Arrived	Tiba, sampai
Clean	Cleaned	Cleaned	Membersihkan
Cook	Cooked	Cooked	Memasak
Cry	Cried	Cried	Menangis
Fix	Fixed	Fixed	Memperbaiki
Light	Lighted	Lighted	Menerangi
Play	Played	Played	Bermain
Study	Studied	Studied	Belajar
Wait	Waited	Waited	Menunggu
Watch	Watched	Watched	Menonton

IRREGULAR VERBS (KATA KERJA TIDAK BERATURAN)

Infinitive/Kata Kerja Dasar/Verb 1	Past Tense/Verb 2	Past Participle/Verb 3	Meaning/Arti kata
Build	Built	Built	Membangun
Buy	Bought	Bought	Membeli
Do	Did	Done	Mengerjakan
Come	Came	Came	Datang
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Menggambar
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Makan
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Jatuh
Get	Got	Gotten	Memperoleh
Go	Went	Gone	Pergi
Make	Made	Made	Membuat
Read	Read	Read	Membaca
See	Saw	Seen	Melihat
Swim	Swam	Swum	Berenang

                                               

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Anwar, Desi, KAMUS BAHASA INGGRIS 1 MILYAR, 2005

Anawati, Oni, KAMUS PRAKTIS 700 JUTA, Surabaya:Pustaka Dua, 2001

Sari Dewi Nugraheni, Wiwik. Irdiana. Hanifah, Ninip, Introduction: GENERAL ENGLISH For UNIVERSITY STUDENTS,  Jakarta: Cintya Press, 2013